1fIonic bonding

Syllabus objectives

• 1.37understand how ions are formed by electron loss or gain
• 1.38know the charges of these ions: • metals in Groups 1, 2 and 3 • non-metals in Groups 5, 6 and 7 • Ag+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Zn2+ • hydrogen (H+), hydroxide (OH–), ammonium (NH4+), carbonate (CO32–), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42–).
• 1.39write formulae for compounds formed between the ions listed above
• 1.40draw dot-and-cross diagrams to show the formation of ionic compounds by electron transfer, limited to combinations of elements from Groups 1, 2, 3 and 5, 6, 7 only outer electrons need be shown
• 1.41understand ionic bonding in terms of electrostatic attractions
• 1.42understand why compounds with giant ionic lattices have high melting and boiling points
• 1.43know that ionic compounds do not conduct electricity when solid, but do conduct electricity when molten and in aqueous solution